Images in Clinical Medicine Congenital Neural Malformations Related to their Embryological Background

Congenital neural malformations are complex anomalies, which stem from an abnormality in the embryological development of the nervous system. The development of the nervous system begins by the formation of the neural tube and its subsequent closure. The failure of closure results in neural tube defects (NTD). Defect in the formation of prosencehalon or rhombencephalon will result in holoprosencephaly or Dandy walker complex respectively. The formation of neuroblasts and their migration to cerebral cortex may be altered by many neuronal migration disorders. Lissencephaly, schizencephaly, and heterotopic gray matter are the most prominent. Conclusion: The objective of the study is relating congenital neural malformations to their corresponding embryological background, and so helping in better understanding the time and the way of the occurrence of such anomalies.